Fatigue and Fatigue Thresholds Series of Books & Publications

Fatigue 87 - Proceedings of the 3rd International Fatigue Conference

Papers presented at the Third International Conference on Fatigue and Fatigue Thresholds Held at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, June 28 - July 3 1987

VOLUME 1

CYCLIC DEFORMATION AND CRACK INITIATION

Cyclic Deformation and Crack Initiation
P.NEUMANN and A.TONNESSEN

Effect of Grain Orientation on the Origination and Initial Growth of Fatigue Cracks in Pure Iron
TSUNESHICHI TANAKA

The Growth of Persistent Slip Bands
W.J.BAXTER

The Mechanics of Fatigue-Crack Nucleation in a Low-Alloy Steel under Fretting Conditions
J.BEARD and P.F. THOMASON

The Effects of Thin Anodic Films on the Cyclic Microstrain/Macrostrain Behaviour of Tungsten
KEITH.J.BOWMAN and RONALD GIBALA

Surface Deformation and Fatigue Crack Initiation of Alpha-Iron Single Crystals
C.S.KIM, Y.W. CHUNG and M.E.FINE

The Effect of Iron Beam Mixed Ni-Al Surface Layers on PSB Extrusion Morphology in Fatigued Nickel
D.S. GRUMMON and J.W.JONES

The Evolution of Local Mechanical Properties of Al 2219-T851 During Fatigue
W.L.MORRIS, M.R. JAMES and B.N.COX

Cyclic Deformation of an Extruded Al Mg Si Alloy
KETILL PEDERSEN

The Orientation of Dipolar Walls Produced by Cyclic Deformation
J.I.DICKSON, S.TURENNE, L. HANDFIELD and G. L'ESPERANCE

CRACK CLOSURE

Closure Behaviour Under Constant Effective Stress Intensity Loading Conditions
C.D. CARMAN and B.M. HILLBERRY

The Influence of the Topography of Fracture Surfaces on Crack Closure
K. HAMBERG, J. WASEN and B. KARLSSON

Growth of Short Fatigue Cracks in a Squeeze Formed Aluminium Alloy
B.P.D. O'CONNOR and A. PLUMTREE

Influence of Mircrostructure and Aging Condition on the Fatigue Crack Propagation in Age Hardened Aluminium Alloys
R.SCHEFFEL, O. IBAS and K. DETERT

Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour of A356-T6 Cast Aluminium Alloy
C.C. WIGANT and R.I. STEPHENS

Striations and the Fatigue Growth Mechanisms in a Micro-Alloyed Steel
H.J. ROVEN, M.A. LANGOY and E. NES

Significance of Fatigue Crack Closure under Spectrum Loading
R.SUNDER

Near-Threshold Short Crack Growth Behaviour in Nimonic 105
J. BYRNE

SMALL CRACKS

Fatigue Crack Propagation of Short and Long Cracks: Physical Basis, Prediction Methods and Engineering Significance
H. NOWACK and R. MARISSEN

Low Cycle Fatigue Life Predictions of a 1CrMoV Steel in Terms of a J-Controlled Short Crack Growth Model
V.BICEGO

The Statistics of the Shape of Small Fatigue Cracks
B.N. COX and W.L. MORRIS

The Effect of Alpha-Platelet Morphology and Beta-Grain Size on the Initiation and Growth of Short Fatigue Cracks in Ti65S
P.J.HASTINGS, M.A. HICKS and J.E. KING

The Initiation and Growth of Small Fatigue Cracks in Copper at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures
I.B. KWON, J. WEERTMAN and M.E. FINE

Behaviour of Short Cracks in a 2024 Aluminum Alloy Sheet Tested at Several Stress Ratios
A. ANDRADE and M.FREITAS

The Effect of Microstructure on the Surface Crack Length: Crack Depth Relationship for Short Cracks
R.K. BOLINGBROKE and J.E. KING

On the Role of Crack Tip Shielding in Influencing the Behaviour of Long and Small Fatigue Cracks in Aluminum-Lithium Alloy 2090
K.T. VENKATESWARA RAO, W. YU and R.O. RITCHIE

The Influence of Slip Mechanism on Fatigue of Mg and Mg-2.3Li
J.K.GREGORY

The Growth Behaviour of Small Fatigue Cracks; The Effect of Microstructure and Crack Closure
K. TOKAJI, T. OGAWA, S. OSAKO and Y. HARADA

The Influence of Microstructure and Residual Stress on the Initiation and Propagation of Short Surface Cracks on AlMgSil
B. MEIER and V. GEROLD

Threshold Stress for Fatigue Crack Initiation from a Small Crack
Y. MURAKAMI and K. MATSUDA

An Experimental Study of Closure Behaviour of Naturally Initiated Small Cracks
X. SU and W.N. SHARPE JR

Behaviour of Long and Short Fatigue Cracks in a Powder Metallurgy Superalloy at Room and at High Temperature
F. SONIAK and L. REMY

Propagation of Small Fatigue Cracks in 2024-T3 Aluminium Alloy
K. TANAKA, Y. AKINIWA and E. MATSUI

Closure and Propagation Behaviour of Short Fatigue Cracks at Different R-Ratios
Y. VERREMAN, J. -P. BAILON and J. MASOUNAVE

A Unified Model for Fatigue Crack Initiation, Short Crack Growth, Long Crack Propagation and Closure Effects
A.O. OBABUEKI, C.H. LEE, T. TANAKA and A.K. MILLER

VARIABLE AMPLITUDE LOADING

Fatigue Crack Retardation in Aluminium Alloys
D.J. ALEXANDER and J.F. KNOTT

Fatigue Crack Growth Under Random Overloads
R. ARONE

A Dislocation Model for Fatigue Crack Propagation under Variable Amplitude Loading
A. BIA, C. ROBIN and G. PLUVINAGE

Observations on the Effect of Overloads on Fatigue Crack Growth
S.K.P CHEUNG-MAK and I. LE MAY

A Study of Fatigue Crack Growth Life Under Random Stresses
J.M. HU, W.P YAO and K.X. LI

Crack Growth in Contrasting Titanium Alloys Under the Conjoint Action of High and Low Cycle Fatigue
B.E. POWELL

Variable Amplitude Fatigue Crack Growth in Aluminium Alloys 2090-T8E41 and 7075-T651
J.S.THOMAS JR, J.C.VANSICE and A.F.GRANDT JR.

Crack Growth Prediction in 3D Structures under Aeronautical -Type Spectrum Loadings
R. LABOURDETTE, G. BAUDIN and M .ROBERT

Fatigue of 30CrMnSiNi2a Notched Specimens Under Spectrum Loading
Y.S. WU, J.H. HUAN and A.H. ZHOU

The How and Why of Variable Amplitude Testing
W. SCHUTZ and P. HEULER

FATIGUE AND MICROSTRUCTURE

Near-Threshold Growth of Defects in Engineering Materials
J.F. KNOTT

Effects of Mn Dispersoids on Near Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth in 2134 Type Alloys
K.V. JATA, J. A. WALSH and E. A STARKE JR.

Interaction of Microstructures and Fatigue in Tool Steels
H. BERNS

Tensile Means Stress Effects on Uniaxial Fatigue Behaviour of 1045 Hr Steel
A. FATEMI and R.I STEPHENS

Fatigue Strength of Alloy A286 at Cryogenic Temperature
A. INOUE, S. YOSHIOKA, S. TAKAYANAGI, K. HIRAGA, T. OGATA, K. NAGAI , T. YURI and K. ISHIKAWA

The Initiation and Growth of Fatigue Cracks in Carburised 9CrlMo Steel
P.J. JEFFCOAT

Fretting Wear and Fretting Fatigue Damage
C. COLOMBIE, Y. BERTHIER, L. VINCENT and M. GODET

Crack Propagation Properties of Sintered Steel
I. BRETILSSON and B. KARLSSON

The Role of Inclusions in Corrosion Fatigue Crack Initiation in
QIN R.A. COTTIS and A. MARKFIELD

VOLUME II

FATIGUE OF METALS

Fatigue Damage Maps
DARRELL F. SOCIE

An Investigation of Fatigue Crack Growth in a Ductile Material at High Growth Rates
K.J. NIX, N. KNEE, T.C. LINDLEY and G.C. CHELL

Cyclic Deformation Behaviour of Cast Irons with Various Graphite Shapes in the Temperature Range of 20 C = T = 500
C K.H. LANG, D. EIFLER and E. MACHERAUCH

Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of Copper Bismuth Bicrystals
S. CHIKWEMBANI and J. WEERTMAN

Life Prediction of Steel Cords
A. PRAKASH, G.A. COSTELLO, R.M. SHEMENSKI and D.K. KIM

Effect of Hold Time on Fatigue of Lead Rich PbSn Solder
S. VAYNMAN, M.E. FINE and D.A. JEANNOTTE

On Cleavage in Fatigue for Rail Steels
ZHU DONG, CAI QIGONG and YAO HENG

Influence of Cleavage on Fatigue Propagation Rates in a Low Carbon Steel
Y. BLANCHETTE, J.I. DICKSON and J.P. BAILON

Effect of Metal Surface Properties on the Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour
A.V. PROKOPENKO and V.N. TORGOV

Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour in Hydrogen Gas Environment
S. YOSHIOKA, M. KUMASAWA, M. DEMIZU and A. INOUE

Application of Fatigue Analysis on Railroads in China
LIU SHU-ZHEN and WANG JIA-DEE

FATIGUE THRESHOLDS

Near-Threshold Fatigue
PETR LUKAS

Notch-Geometry Effect on Propagation Threshold of Short Fatigue Cracks in Notched Components
K. TANAKA and Y. AKINIWA

Influence of Crack Closure on Fatigue Crack Propagation and Threshold
A. DIAS, A. BIGNONNET and H.P. LIEURADE

An Explanation of the Fractography of Near-Threshold Fatigue in FCC Metals
J.I.DICKSON, LI, SHIQIONG and J.-P. BAILON

The Relationship Between Microstructural Size and Fatigue Threshold in Iron and Steel
GU HAICHENG and LIU XIAO DU

Threshold Behaviour of Semi-Elliptical Hydrogen-Induced and Fatigue-Induced Cracks
M.N. JAMES

Effect of Compressive Portion of Loading Cycles on the Near Threshold Fatigue Closure Behaviour
HEINRICH KEMPER, BRIGITTE WEISS and ROLAND STICKLER

Absolute Fatigue Thresholds in Materials
J.A. LEWIS

Thermometrical Investigations on the Near Threshold Fatigue Crack Propagation Behaviour
K. MULLER and H. HARIG

A Reevaluation of Fatigue Threshold Test Methods
W.A. HERMAN, R.W. HERTZBERG, C.H. NEWTON and R. JACCARD

The Factors which govern the Acceleration of Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Rate of a Ferritic Stainless Steel
Y. KIMURA, T. YAGASAKI and T. KUNIO

Fatigue Thresholds of C-Mn Steels in Saline Environments
P.R.G. ANDERSON, R. BROOK and C.E. NICHOLSON

A Model for Ultra-Low Fatigue Crack Growth
J.C. RADON and L. GUERRA-ROSA

Influence of Stress Ratio R on Fatigue Threshold Delta Kth for 40Cr Steel
LI NIAN and DU BAI-PING

The Effects of Loading History on Fatigue Crack Growth Threshold
T. OGAWA, K. TOKAJI, S. OCHI and H. KOBAYASHI

Threshold Stress Intensity for Stable Crack Growth in a High Strength Steel at Ambient Temperature and Below
L. WEBER

The Effect of Shear Lips on Fatigue Crack Growth in A12024 Sheet Material
J. ZUIDEMA and H.S. BLAAUW

Near-Threshold Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour at Cryogenic Temperature
P.K. LIAW and W.A. LOGSDON

The Effect of Nonmetallic Inclusions on Fatigue and Fatigue Thresholds of 25Mn-5Cr-1Ni Steel
I. MAEKAWA, J.H. LEE and S. NISHIDA

Role of Interstitials and Precipitates in Initiation and Propagation of L.C.F Cracks in Austenitic Stainless Steels
S. DEGALLAIX and J. FOCT

RESIDUAL STRESS

Thresholds and Crack-Growth Tests on Pre-Cracked Specimens Produced in Cyclic Compression
R. PIPPAN

Micromechanics of Fatigue Crack Initiation under Axial and Torsional Loadings
T.H. LIN, S.R. LIN and W.U. COOLEY

Study of the Characteristic Curve of Hardening and Softening During Low-Cycle Fatigue Process
CHEN XINZENG, FEN ZHONGXIN, ZHANG JIANZHONG and CHI HUIFEN

The Effect of Prestraining on Fatigue Crack Growth in Nickel-Base Alloys
J.M.KENDALL, M.A. HICKS and J.E. KING

Mixed Mode Fatigue Crack Growth Using the Brasilian Disc
M. LOUAH, G. PLUVINAGE and A. BIA

Crack Closure Phenomena in Modes I and II Interactions
H. NAYEB-HASHEMI, S.S. HWANG and P.G. POLES

Multiaxial Fatigue Failure Criterion: A New Approach
K.DANG VAN and Y.V. PAPADOPOULOS

Profiles of Self Stress and of Load Stress at Notches
H.O. FUCHS and S.B. LEE

HIGH TERMPERATURE FATIGUE

Fatigue Oxidation Interaction in Low Cycle Fatigue
M. LEBIENVENU, Z. AZARI and G. PLUVINAGE

Effect of Temperature Exposure on Fatigue Crack Propagation
K.K. BRAHMA, B. DATTAGURU and R. SUNDER

High Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened and Single Crystal Nickel Base Superalloys
M. MARCHIONNI, V. CATENA and D. RANUCCI

Orientation Effects in Copper Single Crystals Fatigued at Elevated Temperatures
L.L. LISIECKI, F. BOEHME and J.R. WEERTMAN

Elevated Temperature Fatigue Crack Propagation
D.J. MICHEL and A.W. THOMPSON

High Temperature Low Cycle Fatigue Behaviour and Creep-Fatigue Interaction of MA 6000 ODS Alloy
M. NAZMY, W. EBELING and M. STAUBLI

Creep-Fatigue Cracking in High Temperature Turbine Rotors
A.T. STEWART, D.A. MILLER, D.C. MARTIN and G. WIGMORE

The Effect of Temperature on Fatigue Crack Initiation from Aluminosilicate Inclusions
P. WOOLIN and J.F. KNOTT

Dependence of Strain Range Partitioned Fatigue Life at Elevated Temperature on Monotonic Stress-Strain Properties
A. BERKOVITS and S. NADIV

Thermal Mechanical Low Cycle Fatigue of 25CDV4-10 Steel
J. GILGERT, M. LEBIENVENU and G. PLUVINAGE

Axial Creep-Fatigue Damage Assessment in Type 316 SS Material
S.Y. ZAMRIK and D.C. DAVIS

An Analysis of Temperature Effect on LCF Crack Growth Rates in Superalloy GH36
XIE JIZHOU and LIU SHAOLUN

Thermomechanical Fatigue of Lead-Base Low Tin Solder
L.R. LAWSON, M.E. FINE and D.A. JEANNOTTE

VOLUME III

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSISTED FATIGUE

A Study of Corrosion Fatigue Crack Initiation, Growth and the Threshold Condition under Variable Amplitude Loading
I.M. AUSTEN and E.F. WALKER

Effects of Corrosion and Cathodic Protection on Crack Growth in Offshore Platform Steels in Sea Water
EINAR BARDAL

The Influence of Crack Conditions on Hydrogen Uptake by Steels
R.A. COTTIS, E.A. TAQI and M. HAJI-GHASSEMI

Modeling the Effect of Sulfur on the Threshold Environmental Cracking Rate of Steels in High Temperature Water
PETER L. ANDRESEN

Occurrence and Growth of Fatigue Cracks in Corrosion Environment
F. KOSEL and L. KOSEC

The Effect of Environment on Low Cycle Fatigue Properties in HSLA Steel
W.J. LEE, S.P. BHAT, Y.W. CHUNG and M.E. FINE

Coupling Effects Between the Alpha and Gamma Phases During Corrosion Fatigue of an Alpha/Gamma Duplex Stainless Steel
T. MAGNIN, J.M. LARDON and C. AMZALLAG

Fatigue Crack Propagation in Al-Zn-Mg Bicrystals and its Dependence on the Environment
A. NIEGEL, H.-J. GUDLADT and V. GEROLD

Fracture Kinetics of Corrosion Fatigue
K. KRAUSZ and A.S. KRAUSZ

The Influence of Temper Embrittlement on Fatigue Crack Growth in Hydrogen
C.A. HIPPSLEY

Crack Initiation Studies in Hydrogen Embrittled Spring Steel Strip
L.W. LACK, R. BROOK, G.W. GREENWOOD and I.C. HOWARD

FATIGUE OF NON-METALLIC AND ADVANCED MATERIALS

Fatigue Mechanisms in ARALL, a Fatigue Resistant Hybrid Aluminium Aramid Composite Material
R. MARISSEN

Low Cycle Fatigue Behaviour of Notched Specimens of Nickel Based Superalloy Single Crystal
A. DEFRESNE and L. REMY

Fatigue Characteristics of Ion Treated Surfaces
R. KRISHNAMURTHY and H.V. SOMASUNDAR

The Effect of Heat Treatment on Fatigue Crack Growth in Polycarbonate
L.E. HORNBERGER and K.L. DEVRIES

Effect of Test Temperature and Frequency on Fatigue Crack Propagation in PVC
J.D. PHILLIPS, R.W. HERTZBERG and J.A. MANSON

Environmental Fracture Toughness and Static Fatigue Crack Propagation of Silica Glass
Y. SAWAKI, K. KOBAYASHI, S. SAKAGUCHI and T. KAWASAKI

Effect of Interface on Mechanical Properties of Graphite/201 Aluminum Composites
J. SEYYEDI, H. NAYEB-HASHEMI and J. BLUCHER

Fatigue Failure of Bone Cements for Hip Joint Implants
D. TAYLOR

MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES

Fatigue Crack Growth: Statistical Considerations
A.F. BLOM and B. PALMBERG

Constraint Effects on Fatigue Crack Growth
R.C. MCCLUNG and H. SEHITOGLU

Computer Aided Modeling and Fatigue Failure Forecast Under Stochastic Loading
B.D. NOTOHARDJONO and D.S. ERMER

Embrittling Effect of the Plastic Zone
J.C.M. LI

A Comparison of Plastic Work Energy and External Energy Input for Fatigue Crack Propagation
C.Q. BOWLES and E.G.WENSKI

Fatigue Under Nonnormal Random Stresses Using Monte-Carlo Method
H.J. LIU and S.R. HU

Telemetric Laser Extensometry Technique for Monitoring Deflection in Small Cracks
M.L. BARTLETT, A. SAXENA and R.C. BROWN

X-Ray Fatigue Failure Prediction Based on Plasticity Response to Microcracks
S.WEISSMANN

An Optical Interferometry Technique to Evaluate Closure Along a Crack Front
ANGELA A. STEFFEN and PAUL F. PACKMAN

On the Geometrical Description of Fatigue Crack Surfaces
B. KARLSSON, J. WASEN and K. HAMBERG

Development of Research on Fatigue of Spot-Weld in Automobile Structures in Japan
H. KITAGAWA, T. SATOH, S. NISHIJIMA, M. FUJIMOTO and N. MORI

OVERVIEWS

An Overview of Fatigue
A.J. MCEVILY

Deformation Mechanisms and Crack Initiation in Fatigue
V. GEROLD and B. MEIER

Environmentally Assisted Fatigue Crack Growth
R.P.WEI

Deformation, Fatigue and Fracture Behaviour of Two Cast Anisotropic Superalloys
WALTER W. MILLIGAN, ERIC S. HURON and STEPHEN D. ANTOLOVICH

Application of Fatigue Analyses: Transportation
R.W. LANDGRAF

Fatigue Crack Growth
C.J. BEEVERS

Application of Fatigue Analyses: Aircraft Engines
A.C. PICKARD, M.A. HICKS and R.H JEAL

Application of Fatigue Analyses: Airframes
G. LUTJERING and H.-J SCHMIDT

Fatigue Crack Growth Predictions for Variable Amplitude and Spectrum Loading
J.SCHIJVE

Applications of Fatigue Analyses: Energy Systems
P.L. ANDERSEN, R.P. GANGLOFF, L.F. COFFIN and F.P. FORD

Substructural and Microstructural Influence on Crack Closure
W.W. GERBERICH

The Micromechanisms of Small Fatigue Crack Growth and the Influence of Metallurgical Factors
J. LANKFORD and D.L. DAVIDSON

ADDITIONAL PAPERS

Micromechanics of Small Fatigue Cracks: A Model
K.S. CHAN

A Comparison of Short Crack Propagation in an Al Alloy with Different Age-hardening Conditions and Grain Sizes
L.WAGNER and G. LUTJERING

Low Cycle Fatigue and Crack Resistance of Hydrogen Charged Titanium a-Alloys
K.A. KVEDARAUSKAS and H.H. MEDEKSHAS

Environment Sensitive, Low-Cycle Fatigue of Three Engineering Alloys
H. BERNSTEIN, C. LOEBY and JIAN ZUGUO

Fatigue Thresholds in Surface Flaws in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo
J.R. JIRA, T. NICHOLAS and J.M. LARSEN

Near Threshold Fatigue Propagation of Small Cracks Cracks in a Structural Steel
A. ZEGHLOUL and J. PETIT